Behind the name of neurological disorders lie a significant number of diseases and injuries. By definition, a neurological disorder refers to any disease or disfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system.

These are therefore conditions that affect the brain, the cranial or peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, or the vegetative nervous system. Most of these disorders also have an impact on the muscles.

The most common neurological disorders are:
- Parkinson's disease
- Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
- Stroke
- Brain tumours
- Head trauma

These various problems have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. Good care should help them maintain or regain their independence, and manage symptoms on a daily basis. This involves adapted exercises, motor skills (fine or general) to maintain or improve the musculoskeletal system.